|
China, with one-fifth of the world's population, accounts for two-thirds of the worlds reported aquaculture production.〔FAO Fact sheet: (Aquaculture in China and Asia )〕〔(FAO report: China responsible for two-thirds of world aquaculture production ) – FishUpdate.com〕 Aquaculture is the farming of fish and other aquatic life in enclosures, such as ponds, lakes and tanks, or cages in rivers and coastal waters. China's 2005 reported harvest was 32.4 million tonnes, more than 10 times that of the second-ranked nation, India, which reported 2.8 million tonnes.〔 China's 2005 reported catch of wild fish, caught in rivers, lakes, and the sea, was 17.1 million tonnes. This means that aquaculture accounts for nearly two-thirds of China's reported total output. The principal aquaculture-producing regions are close to urban markets in middle and lower Yangtze valley and the Zhu Jiang delta. ==Early history== Aquaculture began about 3500 BC in China with the farming of the common carp. These carp were grown in ponds on silk farms, and were fed silkworm nymphs and faeces.〔Parker R (2000) (''Aquaculture science'' ) Page 6. Delmar Thomson Learning.〕 Carp are native to China. They are good to eat, and they are easy to farm since they are prolific breeders, do not eat their young, and grow fast. The original idea that carp could be cultured most likely arose when they were washed into ponds and paddy fields during monsoons. This would lead naturally to the idea of stocking ponds.〔(History of aquaculture ) Retrieved 2 August 2009.〕 In 475 BC, the Chinese politician Fan Li wrote the earliest known treatise on fish farming, ''Yang Yu Ching (Treatise on fish breeding)''. The original document is in the British Museum. During the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD), the farming of common carp was banned because the Chinese word for common carp (鯉) sounded like the emperor's family name, ''Li'' (李). Anything that sounded like the emperor's name could not be kept or killed.〔Nash CE and Novotny AJ (1995) (''Production of aquatic animals'' ) Page 22, Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN 0-444-81950-9. 〕 The ban had a productive outcome, because it resulted in the development of polyculture, growing multiple species in the same ponds. Different species feed on different foods and occupy different niches in the ponds. In this way, the Chinese were able to simultaneously breed four different species of carp, the mud carp, which are bottom feeders, silver carp and bighead carp, which are midwater feeders, and grass carp which are top feeders.〔〔FAO (1983) (''Freshwater aquaculture development in China'' ) Page 19, Fisheries technical paper 215, Rome. ISBN 92-5-101113-3. 〕 Another development during the Tang dynasty was a fortunate genetic mutation of the domesticated carp, which led to the development of goldfish. From 1368 AD, the Ming Dynasty encouraged fish farmers to supply the live fish trade, which dominates Chinese fish sales to this day.〔(''Fisheries of Americas'' ) Retrieved 2 August 2009.〕 From 1500 AD, methods of collecting carp fry from rivers and then rearing them in ponds were developed."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aquaculture in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|